The First World War (1914-1918) witnessed the advent of systematic usage of aerial photography for military purpose. Palestine was at the centre of such technological advancements that equipped airplanes- first flowns in 1903- with more advanced photography cameras. both sides of the war- the ottoman- german and the British- Australian- had units that photographed Palestine from above. they gradualy began using photography not only for military reconnaissance, strategic planning, and manoeuvreus, but also for location and mapping of archaeological sites, urban infrastructure, and religious landscapes.